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1_readme.txt
Geologic Studies of the Platte River, South-Central
Nebraska and Adjacent Areas - Geologic Maps, Subsurface
Study, and Geologic History
By Steven M. Condon
2005
Professional Paper 1706
U.S. Department of the Interior Gale Norton, Secretary
U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
INTRODUCTION
The Platte River of south-central Nebraska was studied at
three scales to place the river in its geological context
and to trace its evolution through geologic time. At the
largest scale the Elm Creek West and the Newark 7.5
minute quadrangles were mapped. These quadrangles are
located just west and just east of Kearney and serve to
illustrate the main geomorphic elements of the present
Platte River Valley. The central elements of the
quadrangles are the Platte River channels, islands, and
bottomlands, which are flanked by terraces that step up
away from the river to the north and south. Significant
other elements of the landscape are eolian sand and loess
deposits. The geologic maps are supplemented by
topographic profiles of the mapped terraces and graphical
representations of subsurface units in test wells that
occur within the quadrangles.
An intermediate-scale study consisted of examining
descriptions of well cuttings in a 17 county area in
south-central Nebraska, which includes the Platte River
Valley, and building a database of information about
sediment lithology and thickness. The wells penetrated a
sequence of gravel, sand, silt, and clay beds from the
ground surface to the top of the subsurface Tertiary
Ogallala Group or Cretaceous formations. The sequence
consists of Pliocene-, Pleistocene-, and Holocene-age
strata that document the deposition of a veneer of
alluvium by late Tertiary and Quaternary streams
intermixed with and overlain by wind-blown loess.
Various isopleth and structure maps illustrate the
distribution and alluvial architecture of the sedimentary
sequence, and support the interpretation of former
positions of the Platte River.
A regional-scale study consisted of documenting the
geologic history of the Front Range and adjacent
mountains and depositional areas east of the mountains in
Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Nebraska from the end of
the Cretaceous Period, about 65 million years ago, to the
present. The structural and sedimentary history of the
region is outlined, and a series of paleogeographic maps
shows the development of the drainage system in the east-
central Rocky Mountains and adjacent Plains. Ancestral
South Platte, North Platte, and Laramie Rivers are
recognized as early as the late Eocene, although the
South Platte probably flowed to the southeast from the
mountain front at that time. Deposits of the North
Platte River are recognized on the west side of the
Medicine Bow Mountains of Wyoming in the Miocene, and the
presence of distinctive rock clasts indicates that the
Laramie River flowed from the North Park area of Colorado
northeast across a filled Laramie Basin and the Laramie
Range of southeastern Wyoming in the Miocene. The
present drainage system developed in the late Miocene to
the Pliocene and included the capture and diversion of
the South Platte River into its present channel. The
combined North and South Platte Rivers deposited gravel
and sand across Nebraska and flowed southeast from
Kearney, Nebraska through the middle to late Pleistocene.
Within the past 25,000 years the Platte River below
Kearney was captured and diverted into its present course
and confined there by bounding valley walls of loess.
FILES AND FOLDERS:
1_readme.txt - this file.
autohtml.exe, autorun.inf, index.html, showhtml.ini, and
usgsid.ico - Windows and browser operating files.
ElmCrkWestMap - data folder for the Elm Creek West
quadrangle
ElmCrkWestMap.txt - file list for the Elm Creek West
folder
NewarkMap - data folder for the Newark quadrangle
NewarkMap.txt - file list for the Newark folder
pp1706.pdf - text for Professional Paper 1706 as a
68-page PDF file
pp1706_plate1.pdf - Plate 1: Geologic map and topographic
profile of the Elm Creek West 7.5
minute quadrangle (38x36 inches;
7.4 MB)
pp1706_plate2.pdf - Plate 2: Geologic map and topographic
profile of the Newark 7.5 minute
quadrangle (32x36 inches; 5.9 MB)
- Report, appendices, and illustrations.
version_history.txt - Citation and release information.
Acrobat - Installer for Acrobat Reader for Macintosh and
Windows.
images - Images used for browser interface.
Metadata are provided in the two map-data folders.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Windows - Intel Pentium or Xeon processor, 800 MHz
minimum, 1.0GHz or higher recommended - Microsoft Windows
XP, or Windows 2000, - 256 MB minimum of RAM, 512 MB or
higher recommended - VGA color monitor that can display
256 colors (16.7 million colors recommended)
UNIX - Most UNIX system-based, and Linux platforms should
be capable of manipulating these files.
All platforms - Web browser such as Firefox, Camino,
Safari, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Browser
version 7.0 or greater. Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 or
higher. - GIS software capable of reading ESRI shapefile
format is needed to take full advantage of the GIS-
capabilities of this publication.
This report is for sale on CD╤ROM from:
U.S. Geological Survey
Information Services, National Mapping Division
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Telephone: (888) ASK-USGS
Current pricing information is available from
http://mapping.usgs.gov/esic/prices/.
ISBN: 0-411-30507-8
The bibliographical reference for this publication is:
Condon, Steven M., 2005, Geologic studies of the Platte
River, south-central Nebraska and adjacent areas -
geologic maps, subsurface study, and geologic
history: Professional Paper 1706 (CD-ROM).
This report and any updates to it are available on line
at http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1706/